Cascading effects: insights from the U.S. Long Term Ecological Research Network
نویسندگان
چکیده
Ecosystems across the United States are changing in complex and unpredictable ways analysis of these changes requires coordinated, long-term research. This paper is a product synthesis effort U.S. National Science Foundation funded Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network addressing LTER core research area “populations communities.” revealed that each site had at least one compelling “story” about what their would look like 50–100 yr. As stories were prepared, themes emerged, group into papers along five themes: state change, connectivity, resilience, time lags, cascading effects. addresses effects theme includes from Bonanza Creek (boreal), Kellogg Biological Station (agricultural freshwater), Palmer (Antarctica), Harvard Forest (temperate forest) sites. We define very broadly to include wide array unforeseen chains events result variety actions or system. While climate change having important direct on boreal forests, indirect mediated by fire activity—severity, size, return interval—have large over long term. In northeastern temperate legacies human management disturbance affect composition current which creates cascade interact with climate-facilitated invasion an exotic pest. Antarctica, declining sea ice including declines Adèlie increases Gentoo penguins, phytoplankton, consequent zooplankton populations. An species lady beetle likely have future pest control conservation native agricultural landscapes. New studies zebra mussels, well-studied invader, established links between climate, heat tolerance harmful algal blooms. Collectively, highlight need for sort out complexities different types ecological cascades. The diversity sites within facilitates emergence overarching concepts trophic interactions as driver ecosystem structure, function, services, futures.
منابع مشابه
The US Long Term Ecological Research Program
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Ecosphere
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2150-8925']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3430